PMC

(a) The second robustness test results to the change of the initial inlet grain moisture content (MC): the inlet grain MC change and the system response result. (b) The second robustness test results to the change of the initial inlet grain MC: the change of control signal—the grain flow rate. (c) The second robustness test results to the change of the initial inlet grain MC: the robust test comparison of different controllers. (d) The second robustness test results to the change of the initial inlet grain MC: the control signal comparison of different controllers

The vessel perfusion system is shown, highlighting the major components. (a) The basic control scheme of the perfusion device is shown in the cartoon. The syringes ensure flow through the system and help maintain the inlet and outlet pressures. The solenoid valves ensure unidirectional flow through the chamber, from the inlet to the outlet. Pressure transducers P₁ and P₂ record the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the vessel chamber. A feedback loop, using the pressure readings, ensures that the inlet and outlet pressures are maintained at the desired value. (b) The top view shows the tubing connections from the perfusion system to the vessel chamber, the location of the isolated vessel in the chamber and the inlet and outlet ports of the vessel chamber.

a Location of Bute Inlet in British Columbia, Canada. b Map of Bute Inlet showing the location of more detailed images shown in panels c to e. Bathymetric surveys are presented here as maps of seabed gradient, which optimally visualize small and steep topographical features, such as knickpoints. Seabed gradient maps are then overlain by a transparent bathymetry map. c-e Detailed maps of the 40 km long submarine channel within Bute Inlet, showing the location of river deltas, knickpoints and lobe beyond the channel mouth.

Diagram of the bubble column system. Right: Inlet and gas-sampling units; left: pH control unit.